Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 17 - by Celso Foelkel

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 17 - October 2008 -

by Celso Foelkel

[Portuguese Version - English version]

Summary of Contents

• Editorial
  
• Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 9 (English): "Eco-efficiency and Cleaner Production for the Pulp and Paper Industry".
• Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 11 (Portuguese): "Mil e uma maneiras de fazer a sua Fábrica de Celulose e/ou de Papel e a sua Floresta Plantada mais Ecoeficaces e mais Ecoeficientes"
• Eucalyptus World Map 2008
• The World of Eucalyptus - Uruguay
• Curiousities and Oddities about the Eucalyptus: Eucalypts used for honey production: high quality apiculture, by Ester Foelkel
  
• Online Technical Journals & Magazines
• References on Events and Courses
• Euca-Links
• Specialised Online Magazines & Journals
• Technical mini-article by Celso Foelkel: Communicating the Realities of Base Forestry Sector to Society
  

Previous Issues

• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 16 - August 2008
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 15 - June 2008
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 14 - April 2008
  
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 13 - February 2008
  
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 12 - November 2007
  
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 11 - September 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 10 - July 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 9 - May 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 8 - March 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 7 - January 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 6 - October 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 5 - July 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 4 - May 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 3 - January 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 2 - October 2005
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 1 - June 2005

Eucalyptus Online Book & Newsletter are technical information texts written and made available free of charge to all people involved with the forestry and utilization of the Eucalyptus. It depends only on registering yourself to receive them.

Technical coordination - Celso Foelkel
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2007-2010

This knowledge oriented service was made possible through sponsoring support provided by ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp and Paper and by Botnia, Aracruz, International Paper do Brasil, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, Suzano & Votorantim Celulose e Papel. The opinions expressed in the texts are those of the author or coming from the referenced technical literature. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

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Eucalyptus Forests... down under (I)

Dry Sclerophyll Eucalyptus Savannah (WA)

(Click image to enlarge)

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"... Detesting, as I do, the whole tribe of gum trees, I never lose an opportunity of saying exactly what I think about this particularly odious representative of the brood, this eyesore, this grey-haired scarecrow, this reptile of a growth with which a pack of misguided enthusiasts have disfigured the entire Mediterranean basin..."

"These abominations may look better on their native heath: I sincerely hope they do."

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"... the intruder should be expelled without mercy. A single eucalyptus will ruin the fairest landscape. No plant on earth rustles in such a horribly metallic fashion when the wind blows through those everlastingly withered branches; the noise chills one to the marrow; it is like the sibilant chattering of ghosts..."

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"But I confess that this ... almost reconciled me to the existence of the anaemic Antipodeans. ... Gazing upon them, my heart softened and I almost forgave the gums their manifold iniquities..."

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Thanks to Leif & Anita Stridvall, Georgie Sharp & Dan @ Tree Species for their photographic contributions. And to Norman Douglas for softening.

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Pine Woodlands of Spain: The Invisible Diversity

PINE WOODLANDS OF SPAIN: The Invisible Diversity.

By Luis Gil Sánchez (*)

Click to see the cover and index of Gil Sánchez induction speech at Real Academia de Ingenieria

[DOWNLOAD - PDF 4 Mb - Spanish]

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Un Ejemplo de ¿Gestión? Ambiental de eucaliptales...

"... están en trance de desaparecer los ya escasos viejos alcornoques –conocidos como “pajareras”– del Parque Nacional de Doñana. Su pérdida está motivada por su prolongada utilización como “mamporreros vegetales” ... impuesto por los “canónigos de la protección”, pues sólo suponía la extinción local de una especie abundante en el ámbito peninsular y sin proyección mediática, en beneficio de que nidifiquen y se reproduzcan las colonias de garzas y espátulas.

Estos animales ignoran la “nobleza” de las especies cuando las eligen para nidificar, sólo quieren altura, y lo habrían hecho igual sobre los enormes eucaliptos que existían en el entorno y que fueron talados, sin más provecho que el de no ver especies exóticas en el entorno. Fue preferible no molestar a las aves a su regreso, dejándolas que se aposentaran en los alcornoques, que aceptar que los foráneos eucaliptos pudieran servir para algo más que para pasta de papel."

An Example of Eucalyptus Environmental Management(?)...

"... about to disappear the already scarce ancient cork oaks, also known as birdcages, at Doñana National Park. The loss is caused by their lengthy late use as "nesting perches" forced by "conservation gurus", and justified as this tree function was "just" to mean a local extinction event for an abundant and not too popularly mediatic tree species in Iberia, in exchange for the benefit of reproductive success in colonies of herons and spoombills.

These animals ignore however the "degree of nobility" of tree species when choosing them for nest building. They just need height. And they would have succeeded anyway nesting among the not so ancient but tall eucalypts that existed in this habitat and which were chopped for no benefit except the pleasure for some of not seeing alien species around anymore. It was preferred not to annoy the birds in their migration, leaving the nowadays dying cork oaks as perches, than accepting the alien eucalypts could be useful for another purpose than producing cellulosic pulp..."

(*)= Prof. Dr. Luis Gil Sánchez is a Forestry Engineer, Tree Geneticist and Doctor in Biology, Chair of Silvopastoral Systems at ETSIM-UPM, and this publication is his induction speech as a fellow of the Spanish Royal Academy of Engineering.

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PINE WOODLANDS OF SPAIN: The Invisible Diversity.

[DOWNLOAD - PDF 4 Mb - Spanish]

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You can also read selected excerpts of this work at Wikisilva - Aula de Silvicultura

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Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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Eucalyptus: Sustainable Development Opportunities

Eucalyptus Guide: Opportunities for Sustainable Development

by

CIB - Brazilian Council for Information on Biotechnology

(Click image to enlarge)

Summary of Contents

• A BIT OF HISTORY: Eucalyptus origin, timeline, Brazilian scenario, Importance of forestry for Brazil
• GENETICS: Classic Genetic Improvement, Eucalyptus hybrids, Biotechnology Applications, Present and Future
  
• ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: Bio-security of Genetically Modified Eucalyptus, Legal Framework for the release of GM organisms
• GENETICALLY MODIFIED EUCALYPTUS IN BRAZIL: Approval
  
• ECONOMIC POTENTIAL: Eucalyptus Competitivity in the Global Market, Productivity: Brazil vs. World
• EUCALYPTUS PRODUCTS: Roundwood, Industrial Wood, Cellulose & Sawnwood + Ethanol, Essential Oil, CO2 Sequestration & Other Externalities
• MYTH & TRUTH: Key Issues on Eucalyptus Production
• APPENDIX: National and International Data Tables
  

(Download: PDF 1.1 MB)

CIB- BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION COUNCIL

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ArborGen's Genetically Modified (transgenic) hybrid Eucalyptus trials in South Eastern USA: survival, performance & cold hardiness tests

(Click the image to enlarge)

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Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE NEWSLETTER?

Technical coordination - Celso Foelkel
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2007-2010

Eucalyptus Online Book & Newsletter are technical information texts written and made available free of charge to all people involved with the forestry and utilization of the Eucalyptus. It depends only on registering yourself to receive them.

This knowledge oriented service was made possible through sponsoring support provided by ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp and Paper and by Botnia, Aracruz, International Paper do Brasil, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates and Suzano. The opinions expressed in the texts are those of the author or coming from the referenced technical literature. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

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Pinusletter nº 10 - by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 10 - October 2008

by Ester Foelkel

Summary of Contents

• Editorial
• Os Pinus no Brasil: Pinus kesiya (P. insularis) / Pinus in Brazil: Pinus kesiya (P. insularis)
• Referencias Técnicas da Literatura Virtual. Laboratório Tecnológico do Uruguai (LATU) / Technical References in Online Literature. Uruguayan Technologic Laboratory (LATU)
  
• Cursos e Eventos / Courses & Events
• Pinus-Links
• Móveis de Pinus no Brasil / Pinus Furniture in Brazil
• Mini-artigo Técnico por Ester Foelkel: Produçao de Páletes de Pinus / Technical Mini-Article by Ester Foelkel: Pinus Based Pallet Production

Previous Issues

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 9- September 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 8- August 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 7 - July 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 6 - June 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 5 - May 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 4 - April 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 3 - March 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 2 - February 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 1 - January 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter is a new creation of Celsius Degree, a vision for the development of cultivated forests and their products based on the concepts of technology, eco-efficiency, economy and social and environmental sustainability. The main stars of this newsletter will be tree species within genus Pinus. This free online publication is a courtesy of ABTCP - Brazilian Society for Pulp & Paper Technology and CRA - Conestoga-Rovers & Associados - Engenharia SA. It will be first launched in Portuguese language only but will include references to articles, websites and Pinus-Links at a global level. Hence, you will be redirected to visit sites in English, Spanish, French languages, in addition to Portuguese.

Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE BOOK AND NEWSLETTER?

Coordenação e Redação Técnica - Ester Foelkel & Celso Foelkel
Editoração - Alessandra Foelkel
GRAU CELSIUS: Tel.(51) 3338-4809
Copyrights © 2005-2008

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Pink flowered eucalypts blooming... in Florida

Swamp Bloodwood eucalypts: pink flowered tropical ornamentals
Notes on phenology and cultivation of Corymbia ptychocarpa (ex Eucalyptus ptychocarpa)

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS

We have previously seen at EUCALYPTOLOGICS that one of the main ornamental features of Eucalyptus has to do with their flowers, their shapes, sizes and colours. Typical commonly cultivated species out of Australia usually have white stamens, and can be attractive both when individual flowers are of a big size, or when small sized flowers are well arranged in attractive clusters. But there are other possibilities with varying cold hardiness suitable for cultivation either in mediterranean, cold temperate or subtropical climates.

Fig. 1: Pink flower detail for Corymbia ptychocarpa at Harry P. Leu Gardens. (Image courtesy Eric Schmidt, click to enlarge)

Swamp Bloodwoods have started blooming by October at Leu Gardens (Orlando, Florida), our friend Eric Schmidt, resident Botanical Records Specialist, reports. And this type of tree is exactly one of the nice possibilities for the ornamental use of red or pink flowering eucalypts in tropical or subtropical climates.

Fig. 2: Pink blooms in C. ptychocarpa ssp. ptychocarpa at Leu Gardens. (Image courtesy Eric Schmidt, click to enlarge)

With two main subspecies (ssp. ptychocarpa and ssp. aptycha), the natural habitat of this eucalypt is the Northern Coast of Australia, spanning scattered from QLD to WA. Temperatures here are mild day-long and year-long, frost is unheard of, and humidity levels are regularly high all over the year or at least there is a marked rainy season at some point.

Not surprisingly, this bloodwood eucalypt has become popular as a small tree in parks and gardens of the Northern Territory, where it is native and can bloom from February to June.

Fig. 3: Large broad adult leaves of C. ptychocarpa at Leu Gardens. (Image courtesy Eric Schmidt, click to enlarge)

So it is popular overseas. As Ester Foelkel reminds us, C. ptychocarpa is the main pink flowering eucalypt cultivated in alike climates of Brazil. And as we see at Leu Gardens, it can also thrive and bloom in the mildest areas of Florida even in its early years.

Fig. 4: Val Littlewood's botanical sketch of Leaf and Fruit of C. ptychocarpa at Leu Gardens (Orlando, FL). Click the image to visit Val's Pencil and Leaf weblog, depicting the flora and fauna at Leu!

It could probably acclimatize well also in not so subtropical climates, with a mediterranean or mild temperate tendence even, as long as absolute minimum temperatures never go below -3ºC (25ºF, equating to USDA Zone 10 or the mildest part of Zone 9) and water supply is abundant, but not excessive. Unlike its close relative species C. ficifolia, it should not be too comfortable in arid conditions. Proper microclimates would increase the chance of survival, and sunny and sheltered spots would increase the chances of early blooming.

Worth to test as described in suitable areas of the TRO (safe), MED1 (risky) or EUCF (risky) zones for Eucalyptus cultivation in Europe, especially wherever blooming C. ficifolia can be used as indicator species. Not in vain some of the most popular ornamental eucalypt hybrid cultivars are the result of crossing both species.

Also in EUCALYPTOLOGICS...

Spinning Gum (E. perriniana) blooming in Galicia (NW Spain).

Pink flowered Eucalyptus leucoxylon 'Rosea' in bloom in the UK.
(Photo courtesy Matt Smith)

Snow Gums... in bloom

Anthesis in Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp Mahogany) flowers.
Photography by Brian Johnston (Click image to enlarge)

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

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© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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Centurion: World's Tallest Eucalyptus Tree Found

Tallest Eucalyptus discovered in Tasmania: Eucalyptus regnans

Forestry Tasmania reports a 101 meter height and 4 meter diameter monster Eucalyptus found near the Tahune Airwalk, 75 km away from Hobart.

David Mannes besides Centurion, world's tallest Eucalyptus (Image courtesy of The Mercury, the voice of Tasmania)

We woke up today at EUCALYPTOLOGICS with big tree news. Centurion, as the newly discovered giant Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) has been named, joins the Tallest Known Alive Tree Club (which includes champions as Hyperion & the Stratosphere Giant, famous Californian coast redwoods) as the tallest known alive hardwood and the tallest known alive Eucalyptus, surpassing another King Regnans in Tasmania, Icarus Dream, which reaches 97 m high.

Click to watch a video of Centurion (courtesy ABC News, Australia)

After measuring Centurion using LiDAR laser and ground methods, Forestry Tasmania officers Mayo Kajitani & David Mannes located another neighbour giant eucalypt reaching 87.5 m high, which was named Triarius.

Centurion & Triarius will also join celebritrees as Icarus Dream, Damocles, Gothmog, Gandalf's Staff or the White Knight in Australia's Giant Tree Club (www.gianttrees.com.au), examples of Tasmania's world heritage to preserve and admire.

Walk among giants at Forestry Tasmania's Tahune Airwalk!

Watch Nick Duigan & Andrew Hart "Going Bush" beyond the Tahune Airwalk to meet the tallest known standing true flowering plant in the World... amidst the tall wet eucalypt forests of Tasmania... and show you dendrologists Tom Greenwood & Brett Mifsud preparing for a Giant Tree Climb: the ascent to and measurement of The Centurion, the tallest known standing eucalypt at 99.6 meters height, discovered by Forestry Tasmania's forester David Mannes back in 2008... Eucalyptus regnans, King of Eucalypt Trees! (Click play to watch the video, courtesy of Forestry Tasmania)

And do not forget to also watch Sir David Attenborough's video with King Regnans!

Also in EUCALYPTOLOGICS...

So what if you received an unexpected call asking you to join a Giant Tree Trek visiting what probably are the tallest trees in Europe... and you said "Yes, Sir (of course!!!)"?

Tallest European Eucalyptus: Giant Eucalypt Trees in Portugal & Spain

O Avó de Chavín: Grandpa, a video of the giant Eucalyptus globulus

O'Connor Giants: Tallest trees in Africa are Eucalyptus

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GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007-2011 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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Eucalyptus species identification (V): leaves help

By their fruits ye shall know them (V)

Even more tips on Eucalyptus Identification

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com

EUCALYPTOLOGICS

We have previously seen in EUCALYPTOLOGICS how bark features alone can be misleading for accurate Eucalyptus species identification, showing examples of different bark types for the same eucalypt species and of similar bark types for different eucalypt species. We have also seen how in some cases just a small sample of flower buds can work well, and also an example of how even just a distant photograph of Eucalyptus seed cups (fruits) can yield an accurate identification. Today we will see yet another different case, in which inflorescence similarities force the consideration of other details.

Fig. 1: Example of leaf comparison assisting flower comparison for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Our friend Barrie at Las Palmas Norte-Hardy Palm & Exotics (Lantzville, British Columbia) reported the case of a mystery Eucalyptus in Canada that might require a confirmation of its identification.

The main doubt arising was its striking similarity to a Snow Gum (E. pauciflora and allied species and subspecies) for a good number of visual parameters.

Indeed, pictures of the tree in question showed similarities for flower bud clusters, general leaf shape, and not a too dissimilar bark outlook for the case of a young specimen. The most likely candidate within the Snow Gums to match this tree was E. pauciflora ssp. pauciflora, a normally narrow leaved form of the species.

The alternative species suggested by our also eucalyptologist friend Ian Barclay at The Desert Northwest (Sequim, Washington) was E. kybeanensis, the Kybean Mallee Ash.  And he might well be totally right.

The plate above provides a comparative view of both species, depicting their similarities for flower buds and bloooms, but also showing how, for this case, observation of leaf shape and size, but more importantly, of leaf venation patterns, can yield an accurate Eucalyptus identification.

In other words: "by their buds and fruits you will know them, but do not forget the other details".

Also in Eucalyptologics...

Example of "fruit based" diagnosis useful for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Example of "flower bud only" diagnosis useful for accurate Eucalyptus species identification

Example of "bark only" diagnosis misleading Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Example of botanical sample gathering methodology for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click to enlarge)

Different simultaneous stages of the reproductive cycle and eucalypt seed maturation process in a standing Snow Gum Eucalyptus tree.(Click to enlarge)

After Eucalyptus seed collection: examples of Eucalyptus seedling nursery stock for afforestation (Click to enlarge)

Find a local expert to ID your Eucalyptus

If you have an unknown eucalypt around and you are able to collect and photograph samples of the key organs needed for identification, do not hesitate contacting GIT Forestry Consulting.

If you are in the USA and find it easier to post fresh samples to a local expert, you can also contact Dr. Matt Ritter, resident eucalypt hunter at the California Polytechnic State University.

Visit Cal Poly Plant Conservatory

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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