Nieuwenhuis, M. (2000) Terminology of Forest Management Planning. IUFRO World Series,

Nieuwenhuis, M. (2000) Terminology of Forest Management Planning. IUFRO World Series,
"Genetic gains derived from the incorporation of tree genetic improvement criteria to silvicultural management at stand level have been too much overlooked. The potential is tremendous and this incorporation is the fastest way to obtain a significant level of genetic improvement. Besides those activities directly related to regeneration, which automatically include harvest operations, the best way to apply genetics to silviculture is through those process of thinning, pruning and, less impacting, fertilisation. Thinning especially is the most suitable way to obtain quick applied genetic results.
The most common mistake of practical forestry around the world is to establish or let grow without intervention to harvest age tree stands in conditions of excessive stocking per surface unit. Insufficient spacing is one of the main limiting factors for tree growth, and in such a way its genetic potential cannot be expressed completely. Consequently, dasonomic practices involving thinning are essential tools if a maximum of genetic gain is to be obtained from improved tree strains. There is a question that will always be recurrent: Which is the optimal spacing for each tree species and location? But the base idea to answer that question will always be recurrent aswell: that one giving enough room for a tree to grow and express its potential to the fullest."
Bruce Zobel & John Talbert (1984) Applied Forest Tree Improvement. John Wiley & Sons Inc, NY
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