Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 14 - by Celso Foelkel

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 14 - April 2008

by Celso Foelkel

Summary of Contents

• Editorial
  
• Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 8 (Portuguese): "Mixed plantings of Eucalyptus & Acacia (I): Acacia mearnsii"
• Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 9 (Portuguese): "Ecoefficiency and clean production for Eucalyptus based pulp & paper industries"
• Online Technical References
• References on Events and Courses
• Euca-Links
• Curiousities and Oddities about the Eucalyptus: Landscape and garden design with ornamental Eucalyptus, by Ester Foelkel
• The Friends of the Eucalyptus: Dr. José Luiz Stape
• Chatting about Eucalyptus uses with Alberto Mori: Eucalyptus Decorative Papers
• Technical mini-article by Celso Foelkel: Eucalyptus and Soil Conservation
  

Previous Issues

• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 13 - February 2008
  
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 12 - November 2007
  
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 11 - September 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 10 - July 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 9 - May 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 8 - March 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 7 - January 2007
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 6 - October 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 5 - July 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 4 - May 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 3 - January 2006
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 2 - October 2005
• Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 1 - June 2005

Eucalyptus Online Book & Newsletter are technical information texts written and made available free of charge to all people involved with the forestry and utilization of the Eucalyptus. It depends only on registering yourself to receive them.

Technical coordination - Celso Foelkel
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2007-2010

This knowledge oriented service was made possible through sponsoring support provided by ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp and Paper and by Botnia, Aracruz, International Paper do Brasil, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates and Suzano. The opinions expressed in the texts are those of the author or coming from the referenced technical literature. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

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Eucalyptus species identification (III): buds work

By their fruits ye shall know them (III)

More small tips on Eucalyptus Identification

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com

EUCALYPTOLOGICS

We have previously seen in EUCALYPTOLOGICS how bark features alone can be misleading for accurate Eucalyptus species identification, showing examples of different bark types for the same eucalypt species and of similar bark types for different eucalypt species. Today we will see how in some cases just a small sample of flower buds can yield an accurate identification.

Fig. 1: Example of flower bud based diagnosis useful for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Our good friend Dan at Tree-Species.com found a strange looking Eucalyptus growing in Málaga and followed our recommended sequential observation process for eucalypt identification. He later sent us photographs of the overall outlook of the tree, its bark and of samples of reproductive organs (flower buds & seed cups) he collected from the tree.

Fig. 2: Examples of distinct flower bud characteristics in different Eucalyptus species. (Click image to enlarge)

These flower bud samples were what allowed an accurate botanical identification of this Eucalyptus tree (see Fig. 1) by comparison to an holotype (botanical plate) and to specimens of that eucalypt species growing in its natural Australian habitat. And the solution was Eucalyptus gomphocephala, literally meaning "bolt-headed well-covered flower", also known by its vernacular name Tuart.

In addition, a look back in time and paying attention to eucalypt experts of the past does normally yield some sort of useful complementary data that helps to support or reject a purported Eucalyptus species identification. O Grande Ernesto diz:


"In the Mediterranean Basin it follows E. camaldulensis and E. globulus as the most used species for afforestation, especially in Northern Africa. It has been promoted in Southern Morocco to plant on calcareous soils, mostly on coastal dunes. Actually, existing plantations on the dunes of Agadir and Mogador and at Sidi Bibi have proven this species to be of great interest, both as a way to fight the moving sands and as allowing to achieve a valuable production in these vast and previously improductive areas. (...) Total acreage planted with E. gomphocephala in Morocco reaches some thousand hectares. Also in Algeria, Tripolitania, Cyprus and Israel it is a quite planted species. In other Mediterranean countries only in Spain it has been used for plantings of certain importance, especially in the coastal dunes of Malaga."

Ernesto da Silva Goes (1960) Os eucaliptos em Portugal.

Eucalyptus species identification for this tree as E. gomphocephala makes sense then both in a botanical and an historical sense. No doubt, Eucalyptology is an interdisciplinary science.

Fig 3: Fruits of Eucalyptus gomphocephala. Image courtesy of Tree Species.

Acknowledgements

To the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney & Botanic Garden Trust for their kindness allowing educational use of their Australian plant images. To Martin Pritchard & The Busselton-Dunsborough Environment Centre for their effort in preservation and divulgation of the uniqueness of Ludlow Tuart Forests, where the tallest E. gomphocephala in the world still survive. To Dan Anderson & Tree Species for choosing EUCALYPTOLOGICS as their Eucalyptus advisors.

Also in Eucalyptologics...



Example of "bark only" diagnosis misleading Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Example of botanical sample gathering methodology for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click to enlarge)

Anthesis in Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp Mahogany) flowers.
Photography by Brian Johnston (Click image to enlarge)

Maturation stages for eucalypt fruits collected on Corymbia calophylla (Marri) trees in a single visit, showing some of the internal organs within Eucalyptus infrutescences in each phase. (Click to enlarge)

Different simultaneous stages of the reproductive cycle and eucalypt seed maturation process in a standing Snow Gum Eucalyptus tree.(Click to enlarge)

After Eucalyptus seed collection: examples of Eucalyptus seedling nursery stock for afforestation (Click to enlarge)



Find a local expert to ID your Eucalyptus

If you have an unknown eucalypt around and you are able to collect and photograph samples of the key organs needed for identification, do not hesitate contacting GIT Forestry Consulting.

If you are in the USA and find it easier to post fresh samples to a local expert, you can also contact Dr. Matt Ritter, resident eucalypt hunter at the California Polytechnic State University.

Visit Cal Poly Plant Conservatory

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via RSS

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via e-mail

© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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EUCALYPTOLOGICS celebrates its 1st birthday

TODAY IS EUCALYPTOLOGICS BLOGOVERSARY!

One year ago this divulgative project on Eucalyptus cultivation around the world named EUCALYPTOLOGICS was started as GIT Forestry Consulting's weblog. One year later, in its first blogoversary, we celebrate the positive evolution of our pet project with some First Year Balance statistics and a compilation of the Top 15 topics our readers have favoured along this wonderful trip together.

Geographic distribution of EUCALYPTOLOGICS readers. Data courtesy Google Analytics. (Click image to enlarge)

Statistical indicators of EUCALYPTOLOGICS evolution during its first year. Data courtesy Google Analytics.

More than 200 Academic Organisations (Universities, Colleges & Schools), 150 Corporate Firms (Primary Resources, Industry & Services, excluding IT) and 70 Governmental Agencies (Local, Regional, National & International) in 94 countries around the world are among EUCALYPTOLOGICS readers.

EUCALYPTOLOGICS is a highly specialised interdisciplinary information resource targeted to a niche audience even if we try to deliver a mix of technical and non technical information to make it accessible to all. We rather quality than quantity.

According to Alexa, the Web Information Company, EUCALYPTOLOGICS has experienced a +650% traffic increase in the last 3 months and is steadily climbing its traffic rank. According to NetCraft estimates, there are currently some 160 million websites in the World Wide Web, of which roughly 70 million are active websites. Crossing both data sets, it can be roughly estimated that GIT Forestry Consulting's Eucalyptus Blog EUCALYPTOLOGICS is currently in the top 5% of the World Wide Web.

These results are very pleasing, but must be taken humbly. We are a very small grain of sand compared to the giant rolling stones of the Internet beach. And a niche information resource. Our aim must always be quality.

Thank you very much to all our readers, big or small, for making this possible!

Top 15 Stories @ EUCALYPTOLOGICS
(May 2007 - May 2008)

1) Eucalyptus: The Giants of Spain & Portugal (HISTORY)

Giant Eucalypt Trees in Iberia

2) Growing Eucalyptus from seed: some key concepts (HORTICULTURE)

Eucalyptus seedling production at nursery

3) By their fruits ye shall know them: Small tips on Eucalyptus Identification (BOTANY)

Eucalyptus botanical ID

4) Pruning ornamental eucalypts: Eucalyptus gunnii example (HORTICULTURE)

Ornamental Eucalyptus at your garden

5) Grandpa, the Giant Eucalyptus... in video (HISTORY)

O Avó de Chavín: Giant Eucalyptus

6) 100% Eucalyptus timber built home in Galicia (INDUSTRY)

Architectural and decorative uses of Eucalyptus timber

7) Cold hardy Eucalyptus forestry in Galicia (II): when snow comes... (FORESTRY)

Winter views of cold hardy Eucalyptus plantations in Northwestern Spain

8) Cold hardy Eucalyptus dalrympleana in Galicia... and elsewhere (GENETICS)

White Mountain Gum Tree: a cold hardy Eucalyptus

9) Eucalyptus, not just timber: ecological restoration via phytoremediation (ECOLOGY)

Eucalyptus as green filters for ecological restoration

10) Eucalyptus paulistana: The Brazilian Giant, Navarro de Andrade (HISTORY)

First successful Eucalyptus cultivation at industrial scale

11) Snow Gums: cold hardy Eucalyptus from Alpine Australia (BOTANY)

Eucalyptus pauciflora & its cold hardy friends

12) Eucalyptus: coastal rainforests in Galicia (Spain). (HISTORY)

Nothing grows under Eucalyptus?

13) Ornamental Eucalyptus? You must be kidding! (HORTICULTURE)

Adding Eucalyptus to garden design

14) Eucalyptus Clonal Nursery: Rooting Cuttings Video (HORTICULTURE)

Eucalyptus are impossible from cuttings?

15) Eucalyptus in Brazil: Life of a Clone (FORESTRY)

Eucalyptus Clonal Forestry: growing elite trees

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via RSS

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via e-mail

© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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Opportunities for Eucalyptus Kraft pulp production - by Celso Foelkel

Eco-efficacy, eco-efficiency and clean production opportunities for Eucalyptus Kraft Cellulose production

by Celso Foelkel

Summary of Contents
(Portuguese edition)

• Introduction
• Adding value to residues is the doorstep to Eco-efficacy and Eco-efficiency
• Optimising Kraft Processes for Eucalyptus pulp production focusing on Eco-efficacy, Eco-efficiency and Clean Production
• Woodyard
• Wood chip preparation and selection
• Eucalyptus woodchip Kraft cooking
• Pulp washing & depuration
• Oxigen based delignification & cellulose bleaching
  
• Sheet formation & cellulose drying
• Black liquour recovery (evaporation and boilers)
• Caustification & Lime kilns
• Effluent water treatment
• Power boiler and energy generation from biomass
• Solid residues
  
• Some real life examples of Eco-efficiency and Eco-inefficiency
• Some other examples of value-adding to settle key ideas
• Final considerations
• References and recommended literature
  

(Download: PDF 21.3 MB)

Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE NEWSLETTER?

Technical coordination - Celso Foelkel
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2007-2010

Eucalyptus Online Book & Newsletter are technical information texts written and made available free of charge to all people involved with the forestry and utilization of the Eucalyptus. It depends only on registering yourself to receive them.

This knowledge oriented service was made possible through sponsoring support provided by ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp and Paper and by Botnia, Aracruz, International Paper do Brasil, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates and Suzano. The opinions expressed in the texts are those of the author or coming from the referenced technical literature. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

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Eucalyptus in Portugal: Environmental Impact & Scientific Research

O Eucaliptal em Portugal: Impactes Ambientais e Investigação Científica

(Eucalyptus cultivation in Portugal: Environmental Impacts & Scientific Research)

A new publication on sustainable Eucalyptus cultivation has recently been made available by Instituto Superior de Agronomía (ISA) at Lisbon.

Alves A. M., Pereira J. S. & Silva J. M. N. (eds) (2007). O Eucaliptal em Portugal: Impactes Ambientais e Investigaçao Científica, ISAPress, Lisboa. ISBN 978-972-8669-25-6

An update of the 1990 book Impactes ambientais e sócio-económicos do eucaliptal em Portugal by Monteiro Alves, Santos Pereira & Galvão Borges, along the 400 pages of O Eucaliptal em Portugal you can find a summary of the latest scientific research on topics highly related to Eucalyptus sustainable cultivation, covering impacts on soil, water or biodiversity, plus their relationship with forest fires and climate change.

A wide range of authors from Portugal but also high profile international researchers have contributed with their recent findings to give the reader a wide range view on the latest scientific state-of-the-art for Eucalyptus environmental impact identification and assessment.

An attractive editorial effort, a good base technical resource for those interested in these always polemic topics and a good starting point to then take a further step into more specialised literature. Essential for forestry and environmental science students, R+D officers at the pulp & paper industry and those interested in the scientific angle of sustainable Eucalyptus forestry.

EUCALYPTOLOGICS acknowledges...

Imobiente Lda. is the SmartWood Representative for Portugal. From EUCALYPTOLOGICS we are thankful to Paulo Pereira and Rui Simões for their warning on the recent release of this new reference.

ALSO IN EUCALYPTOLOGICS...

Giant Eucalyptus trees in Spain & Portugal

Eucalyptus globulus cultivation worldwide

Brazil: Eucalyptus Superpower


Eucalyptus Pulp & Paper Industry in Spain: towards Sustainability

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via RSS

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via e-mail

QUOTE OF THE DAY: "The writing of history is largely a process of diversion. Most historical accounts distract attention from the secret influences behind great events." The Bashar.

© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness. We are also happy to receive a copy of this book to add to our library (hehe!).

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