Pinusletter nº 8 - by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 8 - August 2008

by Ester Foelkel

Summary of Contents

• Editorial
• Os Pinus no Brasil: Pinus caribaea e as súas tres variedades: caribaea, bahamensis e hondurensis / Pinus in Brazil: Pinus caribaea and its three varieties: caribaea, bahamensis and hondurensis
• Referencias Técnicas da Literatura Virtual. Grandes autores: Dr. Umberto Klock / Technical References in Online Literature. Great authors: Dr. Umberto Klock
  
• Cursos e Eventos / Courses & Events
• Pinus-Links
• Paineis de madeira de Pinus colados lateralmente (EGP) / Pinus edgle glued panels
• Mini-artigo Técnico por Ester Foelkel: Aspectos ambientais da indústria moveleira do Brasil / Technical Mini-Article by Ester Foelkel: Environmental key points on Brazilian furniture making industry

Previous Issues

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 7 - July 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 6 - June 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 5 - May 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 4 - April 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 3 - March 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 2 - February 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 1 - January 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter is a new creation of Celsius Degree, a vision for the development of cultivated forests and their products based on the concepts of technology, eco-efficiency, economy and social and environmental sustainability. The main stars of this newsletter will be tree species within genus Pinus. This free online publication is a courtesy of ABTCP - Brazilian Society for Pulp & Paper Technology and CRA - Conestoga-Rovers & Associados - Engenharia SA. It will be first launched in Portuguese language only but will include references to articles, websites and Pinus-Links at a global level. Hence, you will be redirected to visit sites in English, Spanish, French languages, in addition to Portuguese.

Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE BOOK AND NEWSLETTER?

Coordenação e Redação Técnica - Ester Foelkel & Celso Foelkel
Editoração - Alessandra Foelkel
GRAU CELSIUS: Tel.(51) 3338-4809
Copyrights © 2005-2008

Koalas Go Berserker!

Environmentalist fraud exposed by koala army
by Xusto de Andrade

"For some time now, a demagogic campaign has been unleashed, orchestrated by some mass media, against Eucalyptus forestry, which, given the psychologic effect of false certainty that printed words produce among the people of our country, is attempting to brainwash and negatively influence a good part of our society about these trees. The true ends to which this organised and surely costly campaign obbeys seem to have all the characteristics of being non confessable, since the statements made against, in spite of being categorical, are in too many ocassions short of being a technical nonsense, as we will see later. They are not supported by serious science, but by fallacious fragments of a tiny truth, demagogically and deliberately inflated and exaggerated. In future, we will relate the different types of damage which are attributed to eucalypts, and these accusations will be rebutted by existant realities, scientific studies and forestry experiences carried on by us, by other eucalyptologists and by scientific research centres worldwide".

Gaspar de la Lama Gutiérrez, 1982.
Technical justification of afforestation with eucalypts.

For three decades, the statements used in some environmentalist campaigns against the trees themselves have been rendered obsolete by the output of a good number of scientific disciplines and exposed as filled of myth. The pollution left in Western societies by some of the early environmentalist myth propagators campaigning against eucalypts has implied noticeable economic but especially social costs worldwide however in exchange for no clear ecological gains. Pyrrhus would be very proud. Part of these costs could be mitigated by trying to reverse the effects of these early and probably misguided attempts at social engineering. Those responsible of such a task should be the same myth propagators that started it, but it is highly doubtful they will raise their hands today to assume their part of guilt, help clean their own pollution and recognise their old statements proven as fallacies. And yet, everybody claims the motto should be "El que contamina, paga".

25 years later, time for vendetta is approaching. A bloodless and peaceful one, of course. And filled with a good dose of sense of humour. A new generation of foresters and forest workers has emerged meanwhile and is being propagated in five continents. Ecologically-aware. Environmentally-friendly. And environmentalist-conscious.

In these global days, the focus of some green campaigns has switched from the indefensible "argumentum ad plantam" used to attack the trees, to the "argumentum ad corporatio" used to attack those forestry management companies growing the trees or those industries processing the trees or primary products made of them. An apparently more profitable market for environmentalist NGO's and environmentalist NGO wannabes, especially since the inception and implementation of sustainable forestry certification schemes.

Once again, despite a part of the green ideologists are aiming at a very respectable target, which is the evolution of forestry based industries towards more sustainable operating ways, a good deal of those placing themselves under the flag of environmentalism are yet myth propagators. But this time, certain thresholds of environmentalist pollution will not be tolerated.

All in all, the numbers of individuals directly or indirectly involved with the sustainable production of renewable and recyclable organic fibers and in their sustainable industrial processing to generate a very wide array of final products consumed everyday everywhere are considerably bigger than of those filling the ranks of myth propagation. By several orders of magnitude.

Just a small critical mass of these millions of private and collective investors in timber crops voluntarily choosing fast growing tree species, of the millions of direct or indirect workers in cultivated forests and their auxiliarry industries, supply chains and industrial processing instalations, or of the millions of small and big shareholders in business enterprises directly or indirectly based on the products and positive externalities yielded by these trees... is needed. And we have started to notice a switch from silence towards open criticism of the role and activities of these myth propagators.

Sir Winston addressing the nation before the battle on the air

The Berserker Koalas are raising around the world to bring you healthy doses of laughter. Soon they will be on the air. And they will defend their islands. Will the radical greens ever learn to laugh at themselves? 10:1 they can't.

---

EUCALYPTOLOGICS has just unexpectedly received the impressive document on Sustainable Forestry Management topics displayed above. As neutral observers we are not too keen to put into the air every piece of information we get from varied sources, especially if falling into polemics. But as firm believers in freedom of speech, we are not going to apply censorship to these opinions even if we do not fully endorse them. Not when they are loaded of this fine sense of humour!

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the transcription above are not necessarily those of EUCALYPTOLOGICS and we decline any responsibility on their potential effects for third parties.

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

High Value Eucalyptus Timber Farms: the Aussie Rules

Eucalypt plantations only successful as pulpwood tree farms? Bullshit!

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS

The Australian Government statutory corporation RIRDC (Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation) has just released a new publication on Eucalyptus timber production that should be of interest for public and private investors in all those areas of the world where the Australian trees have become an important forestry resource.

Plantation Eucalypts for High-Value Timber: Enhancing investment through R+D.
Proceedings of the Plantation Eucalypts for High Value Timber 2007 Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
(Download, 8 Mb PDF)

Fig 1: Eucalyptus polyculture: pasture plus pruned and thinned trees producing high value logs following a multi-product agroforestry management regime. (Click image to enlarge)

Innovative farmers and forestry enterprises down under in Australia and New Zealand have been consistently proving for a time that eucalypts, these highly diverse trees by number of species, growth habits, yield of products or externalities, are also a source of diversity in what to sustainable forestry management and tree farms and their products refers.

Fig. 2: Jon Lambert's forestry investment advisor firm Woollybutt Pty Ltd is one of the main promoters of sustainable High Value Eucalyptus timber productive plantations among farmers in Victoria. Here we see them inspecting a Corymbia maculata hardwood eucalypt plantation for high value timber log production, also managed for simultaneous pasture production. (Click image to enlarge)

Currently, examples of Eucalyptus plantations managed under mixed timber production management plans (aiming for instance to a combination of pulpwood plus solid wood) spread through countries in four continents, in many cases contributing to the diversification of timber productive units within technified farms following agroforestry principles. When properly designed and implemented, they can become a very clever and successful way to integrate tree farming in overal farming schemes, and it is especially in these cases when the concepts of polyculture, sustainable forestry, multiple production, high quality and value timber, silvopastoralism, farm forestry and organic farming become directly involved with Eucalyptus. As with many other types of trees.

Visit the Conference Website

The Australian and some of the New Zealander state of the art experience in this wonderful type of Eucalyptus tree farming has been put together at the Plantation Eucalypts for High Value Timber 2007 Conference, where experts from industry, academic research, governmental agencies, forestry management companies and farm forestry investors offered their latest findings, which have now taken the form of these proceedings.

Speakers include well renowned international and national experts as Vince Erasmus (ITC Forestry Ltd), Clinton Tepper (Woollybutt Pty Ltd), Peter Volker (Forestry Tasmania, CRC for Forestry), David Quill (Eumeralla Pty Ltd), Russell Washusen (CSIRO-Ensis), Tony Cannon (Forest Enterprises Australia Pty Ltd), Trevor Innes (FEA Timber Pty Ltd), Martin Grealy (Forests NSW), David Bush (CSIRO-Ensis), Craig Taylor (The Fifth Estate Consultancy Pty Ltd), and Rodney Keenan (The University of Melbourne).

We wish you a happy reading!!

Plantation Eucalypts for High Value Timber Conference was sponsored by...

Also in Eucalyptologics...

100 % Eucalyptus globulus timber house built in Galicia (NW Spain)

Eucalyptus timber: not just pulpwood
Complementary industrial lines with Eucalyptus wood in Northern Spain

Cold hardy Eucalyptus timber production in Galicia (NW Spain)

Pulpwood... but

Not just pulpwood!

Want to contact us?

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Ecoefficient Eucalyptus cultivated forests - by Celso Foelkel

Production of Eucalyptus cultivated forests under the perspective of Eco-efficiency, Eco-efficacy and Cleaner Production

by Celso Foelkel

(Click image to enlarge)

Summary of Contents

• Introduction
• Reviewing concepts on Ecoefficiency, Ecoefficacy and Cleaner Production
  
• Key points on technologic success of Eucalyptus cultivated forests in Brazil and optimisation potential for Ecoefficiency, Ecoefficacy and P+L
• Case studies and opportunities for Ecoefficiency and P+L at Eucalyptus tree farms
  
• Some "real world" situations as examples on Ecoefficiency and Eco-Inefficiency
• Final considerations
• References and recommended literature
  

(Download: PDF 24.4 MB)

Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE NEWSLETTER?

Technical coordination - Celso Foelkel
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2007-2010

Eucalyptus Online Book & Newsletter are technical information texts written and made available free of charge to all people involved with the forestry and utilization of the Eucalyptus. It depends only on registering yourself to receive them.

This knowledge oriented service was made possible through sponsoring support provided by ABTCP - Brazilian Technical Association of Pulp and Paper and by Botnia, Aracruz, International Paper do Brasil, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates and Suzano. The opinions expressed in the texts are those of the author or coming from the referenced technical literature. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

Pinusletter nº 7 - by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 7 - July 2008

by Ester Foelkel

Summary of Contents

• Editorial
• Os Pinus no Brasil: Pinus strobus / Pinus in Brazil: Pinus strobus
• Referencias Técnicas da Literatura Virtual. Teses e Dissertações da UFSC / Technical References in Online Literature. Theses and Dissertations from UFSC
  
• Cursos e Eventos / Courses & Events
• Pinus-Links
• Aneis de crescimento e sua importancia para a qualidade e uso da madeira de Pinus / Growth rings and their importance for quality and uses of Pinus timber
  
• Mini-artigo Técnico por Ester Foelkel: Aspectos gerais da produçao de mudas de Pinus / Technical Mini-Article by Ester Foelkel: Generalities on Pinus seedling production

Previous Issues

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 6 - June 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 5 - May 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 4 - April 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 3 - March 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 2 - February 2008 by Ester Foelkel
PinusLetter - The Pinus Newsletter - nº 1 - January 2008 by Ester Foelkel

PinusLetter is a new creation of Celsius Degree, a vision for the development of cultivated forests and their products based on the concepts of technology, eco-efficiency, economy and social and environmental sustainability. The main stars of this newsletter will be tree species within genus Pinus. This free online publication will be first launched in Portuguese only but will include references to articles, websites and Pinus-Links at a global level. Hence, you will be redirected to visit sites in English, Spanish, French, in addition to Portuguese.

Have you read the EUCALYPTUS ONLINE BOOK AND NEWSLETTER?

Coordenação e Redação Técnica - Ester Foelkel & Celso Foelkel
Editoração - Alessandra Foelkel
GRAU CELSIUS: Tel.(51) 3338-4809
Copyrights © 2005-2008

Spinning Gums... peak blooming season

Spinning Gum: cold hardy Eucalyptus from Alpine Australia (II)
Notes on phenology and cultivation in cold temperate climates

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS

A few weeks ago, the Spinning Gums started blooming in Galicia. After the initial stages, when a small number of flower bud clusters reach anthesis randomly, the peak flowering season was reached by late July, causing havoc among local bees.

Fig. 1: Peak of flower blooming season in a Spinning Gum (E. perriniana) growing in Galicia (NW Spain). Juvenile & intermediate foliage are present during the first flowering seasons. (Click image to enlarge)

GIT Forestry Consulting & Eucalyptologics are proud to report that after a shy first flowering season, the second season after reaching reproductive maturity has allowed this Eucalyptus to bloom freely and profusely, while new flower buds keep developing for further flowering in the next years. Reproductive cycle will be complete in some months, so this cold hardy eucalypt species can be considered fully viable and well acclimatised for our local conditions.

The pictured tree is the first of its kind successfully grown and acclimatised in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). And hopefully, the first of many to grow in the near future. For a description of the climatic types well endured by this species, just check our previous post "Spinning Gum, cold hardy Eucalyptus from Alpine Australia. Notes on phenology and cultivation in cold temperate climates".

Phenologic notes on E. perriniana in Galicia

• Flower bud initiation: May/June (late spring, early summer)
• Flower bud maturity: +10 /+12 months (late spring, summer)
• Flowering period: May/August (summer, peak in July)
• Seed pod maturity: +20 /+25 months since flower bud initiation
• Simultaneous reproductive cycles: 1 cycle of immature flower buds + 1 cycle of seed pods in maturation + 1 cycle of ripe or senescent seed pods can be present at once in the same specimen

Spinning Gum, another Eucalyptus acclimatised to Scandinavia

Fig. 2: Northernmost flowering Eucalyptus: E. dalrympleana at 61ºN

We have previously seen how Eucalyptus can thrive in the high latitudes of the Scandinavian countries by depicting the Northernmost cultivated Eucalyptus in the world, growing at latitude 61º N in the grounds of Haakon Vangsnes' Nautesund Planteslag.

Fig. 3: Peak of flower blooming season in a Spinning Gum (E. perriniana) growing in Denmark. Juvenile & intermediate foliage are present during the first flowering seasons. (Click image to enlarge)

Our good friend Frank Diron at Eucalyptus Haven (www.eucalyptushaven.dk) reports similar success and acclimatisation for the specimens of Spinning Gum growing at latitude 55ºN (roughly the same as Moscow!) in his Eucalyptus collection at Fanø Island in Denmark.

Also in EUCALYPTOLOGICS...


Spinning Gum: cold hardy Eucalyptus from Alpine Australia

Ornamental Eucalyptus: From Seedling to Bonsai

Ornamental Eucalyptus: from Bonsai to Big Bonsai

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Eucalyptus species identification (IV): fruits work

By their fruits ye shall know them (IV)

Yet more tips on Eucalyptus Identification

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com

EUCALYPTOLOGICS

We have previously seen in EUCALYPTOLOGICS how bark features alone can be misleading for accurate Eucalyptus species identification, showing examples of different bark types for the same eucalypt species and of similar bark types for different eucalypt species. We have also seen how in some cases just a small sample of flower buds can yield an accurate identification. Today we will see how just a distant photograph of seed cups (fruits) can yield a very promising species identification.

Fig. 1: Example of fruit based diagnosis useful for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Our good friend Phil at Eucs-In-Habitat reported a mystery Eucalyptus growing in San Fernando Valley. Drew, the local observer in California, followed our recommended sequential observation process for eucalypt identification and took photographs of the overall outlook of the tree, its bark and of reproductive organs (blooming flowers, but more importantly, seed cups, the fruits).

Fig 3: Blooming Eucalyptus cladocalyx in California. Image courtesy of Drew_2008. (Click image to enlarge)

These fruit samples, even if just photographed using a zoom, are what allows a very good bet as botanical identification of this Eucalyptus tree (see Fig. 1) by comparison to a botanical plate prepared with locally collected samples. And the solution was Eucalyptus cladocalyx, also known by its vernacular name Sugar Gum.

In addition, once again a look back in time paying attention to previous eucalypt experts can yield complementary data to support or reject an attempt of Eucalyptus species identification.


"When Eucalyptus plantation testing was at its height in California, sugar gum was fourth in popularity, amounting to about one tree in 25. So although old specimens are not common today, nevertheless there are always some not far away. (...) The tall smooth boles are free from lower branches and are in many cases recognizable on sight by warm-colored bark, with long vertical fissures and horizontal rows of dimples left over from insect bites years ago. On the ground you can pick up distinctive barrel-shaped fruit in clusters of up to 15 in number; these clusters in themselves suffice to give you confidence that you are under a sugar gum the next time you see them among the ground litter."

Ronald N. Bracewell (2005) Trees of Stanford and its Environs.

Eucalyptus species identification for this tree as E. cladocalyx makes sense then both in botanical but also in geographic and historical contexts. No doubt, once again we can see Eucalyptology is an interdisciplinary science.

Acknowledgements

To Matt Ritter for his efforts botanising Californian Eucalyptus and discovering Australian giants in the Sunny State. To John Rawlings and the team at Stanford Grounds Service for their effort not only preserving but also publicising online the botanical heritage of the campus. And to Ron Bracewell, possibly at this moment planting Eucalyptus and radio telescope antennas somewhere beyond our knowledge.

Also in Eucalyptologics...

Example of "flower bud only" diagnosis useful for accurate Eucalyptus species identification



Example of "bark only" diagnosis misleading Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)

Examples of distinct flower bud characteristics in different Eucalyptus species. (Click image to enlarge)

Example of botanical sample gathering methodology for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click to enlarge)


Different simultaneous stages of the reproductive cycle and eucalypt seed maturation process in a standing Snow Gum Eucalyptus tree.(Click to enlarge)


After Eucalyptus seed collection: examples of Eucalyptus seedling nursery stock for afforestation (Click to enlarge)



Find a local expert to ID your Eucalyptus

If you have an unknown eucalypt around and you are able to collect and photograph samples of the key organs needed for identification, do not hesitate contacting GIT Forestry Consulting.

If you are in the USA and find it easier to post fresh samples to a local expert, you can also contact Dr. Matt Ritter, resident eucalypt hunter at the California Polytechnic State University.

Visit Cal Poly Plant Conservatory

Contact us / Subscribe to Eucalyptologics

Contact GIT Forestry Consulting - Eucalyptologics

GIT's Eucalyptology Topics

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via RSS

Subscribe to receive EUCALYPTOLOGICS via e-mail

© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.