Cold hardy Eucalyptus forestry in Galicia (II): when snow comes...

Eucalyptus and Snow: Winter views of eucalypt timber plantations in Northwestern Spain

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado Contact GIT Forestry Consulting
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS

Snow in a 10 year old cold hardy Eucalyptus nitens cultivated forest at 800 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)/ Nieve en bosque cultivado de Eucalipto nitens (Eucalipto de las heladas, Eucalipto brillante) a 800 metros de altitud en Galicia (Noroeste de España) / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain
Some of the following cold hardy Eucalyptus timber plantations have resisted brief events of -10ºC as absolute minimum temperature, -8ºC as average of extreme minima, 45 to 85 frost events per year, 9 events of winds +95 km/h and several snow storms. Climatic history shows extreme maximum periods of frost risk spanning for 205 days/year (from late October to mid April), but there is a significative variation every year for each location both for severity of winter events and degrees of damage and recovery.


Snow in a 10 year old cold hardy Eucalyptus nitens cultivated forest at 800 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)/ Nieve en bosque cultivado de Eucalipto nitens (Eucalipto de las heladas, Eucalipto brillante) a 800 metros de altitud en Galicia (Noroeste de España) / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, SpainFig. 1: Winter view of a 10 year old frost tolerant Eucalyptus cultivated forest at 800 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). (Click image to enlarge)

Snow in a 7 year old cold hardy Eucalyptus nitens timber plantation at 750 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)/ Nieve en plantacion de 7 años de Eucalipto nitens (Eucalipto de las heladas, Eucalipto brillante) a 750 metros de altitud en Galicia (Noroeste de España) / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, SpainFig. 2: Winter view of a 7 year old frost tolerant Eucalyptus timber plantation at 750 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). (Click image to enlarge)

Snow in a 3 year old cold hardy Eucalyptus nitens timber plantation at 700 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)/ Nieve en plantacion de 3 años Eucalipto nitens (Eucalipto de las heladas, Eucalipto brillante) a 700 metros de altitud en Galicia (Noroeste de España) / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, SpainFig. 3: Winter view of 3 year old frost tolerant Eucalyptus saplings at 700 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). (Click image to enlarge)

Snow in a 5 year old cold hardy Eucalyptus nitens timber plantation at 600 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)/ Nieve en plantacion de Eucalipto nitens (Eucalipto de las heladas, Eucalipto brillante) a 600 metros de altitud en Galicia (Noroeste de España) / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, SpainFig. 4: Winter view of a 5 year old frost tolerant Eucalyptus timber plantation at 600 m above sea level in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). (Click image to enlarge)


Some key factors for a successful cultivation of cold hardy Eucalyptus for timber production

  • Careful choice of Eucalyptus species suitable for winter conditions in the area of introduction and suitable for target industrial lines. Results from well designed comparative species survival and growth trials for the area of introduction are good indicators.
  • Careful choice of seed provenances within the most desirable Eucalyptus species. Results from well designed provenance trials able to quantify best growth and cold tolerance for the area of introduction are good indicators.
  • Use of genetically improved Eucalyptus plant stock if available, as it normally yields better growth rates and improved physical or chemical timber properties.
  • Good matching of species to site, preferring sheltered from sustained chilly winds and and as sunny as possible areas with Southern exposure, better over soils of moderate depth and fertility.
  • Proper site prepation to encourage as fast establishment of the tender Eucalyptus seedlings as possible. Well developed root systems on deep laboured soil tend to stand better temporary freezing of the most superficial soil layers.
  • Proper planting schedule to allow quick growth during the first year. A good height growth over the coldest layer of air near soil tends to increase survival rates to radiational frost.
  • Proper understorey control during the first years to minimise competence and allow as quick formation of less fragile woody tissue as possible. Even the most resistant plant material is at risk of damage due to impredictable extreme climatic events. However survival and recovery from damage are better once eucalypts reach a certain size.
  • Regular monitoring of weather events and symptoms of cold induced damage (leaf injuries, dessication, bark cracking, newest growth burns, form defects, etc).

Interesting links

Cold hardy Eucalyptus timber production in Galicia (I)

Eucalyptus Highland Forests in Northwestern Spain and Portugal (II)

Eucalyptus globulus. Blue Gum Eucalypt Coastal Forests in Northwestern Iberia

Eucalyptus nitens. Shining Gum Eucalypt Highland Forests in Northwestern Iberia

Eucalyptus macarthurii. Camden Woollybutt Highland Forests in Northwestern Iberia

Eucalyptus delegatensis. Tasmanian Oak Highland Forests in Northwestern Iberia

Eucalyptus dalrympleana. Mountain White Gum Highland Forests in Northwestern Iberia

(more to come, we are hunting them all!)


Have you seen the Giant Eucalyptus Movie?

EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Eucalyptus Seed, Eucalyptus Plants, Eucalyptus Wood, Eucalyptus Honey, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Forests, Eucalyptus Plantations, Eucalyptus Timber, Eucalyptus Lumber, Eucalyptus Furniture, Eucalyptus Veneer, Eucalyptus Plywood, Eucalyptus MDF Board, Eucalyptus Cellulose, Eucalyptus Paper, Eucalyptus Biomass, Eucalyptus Energy, Eucalyptus Floristry, Eucalyptus Foliage, Eucalyptus Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla de eucalipto, Plantas de eucalipto, Madera de eucalipto, Miel de eucalipto, Aceite Esencial de eucalipto, Bosque de eucalipto, Plantacion de eucalipto, Muebles de eucalipto, Tablero de eucalipto, MDF de eucalipto, Celulosa de eucalipto, Papel de eucalipto, Biomasa de eucalipto, Energia de eucalipto, Ramillo Verde Ornamental de Eucalipto, Jardin de EucaliptoGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Eucalyptus acknowledgements go to...

WHO READS GIT's EUCALYPTOLOGICS?

Snow Gums (Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. niphophila) at Bogong Ridge, Thredbo, ACT / Eucaliptos de las Nieves en Bogong Ridge, Thredbo, Canberra / Merry Christmas and Happy Eucalyptic Year 2008 / Feliz Navidad y Prospero Año Eucalíptico 2008 / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain(click to enlarge)

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And last, but not least, thanks also to all those many other individual readers worldwide who have shared the eucalyptic spirit. You know who you are.


EUCALYPTOLOGICS: 2008 Readership (ongoing)


EUCALYPTOLOGICS gets +650% traffic increase in 3 months / EUCALYPTOLOGICS is currently in the top 5% of the World Wide Web / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldNet Increase in Readership for GIT Forestry Consulting's EUCALYPTOLOGICS during early 2008. Majority of our readers are located in Europe & North America. (Statistics courtesy of Google Analytics)


Quality matters, but what about quantity?

EUCALYPTOLOGICS gets +650% traffic increase in 3 months / EUCALYPTOLOGICS is currently in the top 5% of the World Wide Web / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldAlexa Ranking for EUCALYPTOLOGICS, February 2008

We are very pleased with the significant increase in our high profile readership. All in all, EUCALYPTOLOGICS is a highly specialised information resource targeted to a niche audience even if we try to deliver a mix of technical and non technical information to make it less harsh. We rather quality than quantity. But... According to Alexa, the Web Information Company, EUCALYPTOLOGICS has experienced a +650% traffic increase in the last 3 months and is steadily climbing its traffic rank. According to NetCraft estimates, there are currently some 160 million websites in the World Wide Web, of which roughly 70 million are active websites. Crossing both data sets, it can be roughly estimated that GIT Forestry Consulting's Eucalyptus Blog EUCALYPTOLOGICS is currently in the top 5% of the World Wide Web. Three months ago we were in the top 15%. It is a nice progress! (and even more considering we had never started a weblog before!) These results are very pleasing, but must be taken humbly. We are a very small grain of sand compared to the giant rolling stones of the Internet beach. And a niche information resource. Our aim must always be quality.
EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Eucalyptus Seed, Eucalyptus Plants, Eucalyptus Wood, Eucalyptus Honey, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Forests, Eucalyptus Plantations, Eucalyptus Timber, Eucalyptus Lumber, Eucalyptus Furniture, Eucalyptus Veneer, Eucalyptus Plywood, Eucalyptus MDF Board, Eucalyptus Cellulose, Eucalyptus Paper, Eucalyptus Biomass, Eucalyptus Energy, Eucalyptus Floristry, Eucalyptus Foliage, Eucalyptus Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla de eucalipto, Plantas de eucalipto, Madera de eucalipto, Miel de eucalipto, Aceite Esencial de eucalipto, Bosque de eucalipto, Plantacion de eucalipto, Muebles de eucalipto, Tablero de eucalipto, MDF de eucalipto, Celulosa de eucalipto, Papel de eucalipto, Biomasa de eucalipto, Energia de eucalipto, Ramillo Verde Ornamental de Eucalipto, Jardin de EucaliptoGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

Eucalyptus as dieback perennials: taking advantage of plant resurrection

Pictured below, three examples of Eucalyptus growing as ornamental plants in gardens where restrictive winter events lead to aerial part loss and natural regeneration from coppice favours annual regrowth.

Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus polyanthemos coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 8 garden / Rebrote de cepa en Eucalipto Silver Dolar ornamental resistente a las heladas / Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus Silver Dollar coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 8 garden / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Galicia, España, SpainFig 1: Yearly growth from coppice in Eucalyptus 'Silver Dollar', borderline cold hardy Eucalyptus for USDA Zone 8b (Click image to enlarge)


As we have seen previously in EUCALYPTOLOGICS, many Eucalyptus species have naturally developed an ability to survive events that destroy their aerial part. In their natural habitat fire has been the main factor that lead to some species becoming vigorous coppicers thanks to a progressive culling out of non fit strains.

Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus neglecta coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 7 garden / Rebrote de cepa en Eucalipto de Omeo ornamental resistente a las heladas / Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus Omeo Gum coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 7 garden / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain
Fig 2: Yearly growth from coppice in Eucalyptus 'Omeo Gum', borderline cold hardy Eucalyptus for USDA Zone 7b (Image courtesy of Triple Oaks Nursery & Herb Garden, NJ)

Human driven introduction of Australian Eucalyptus as garden elements to areas where winters are more restrictive than in their natural habitats can lead to different results. When the chosen species is cold hardy enough for its new habitat, it tends to grow freely and attain its normal size and growth habit. When it is too tender for its new habitat, total loss can be the result after a bad winter. But when it is a borderline species, and a good coppicer, it can behave like an annual perennial, shooting every spring and growing to a limited size before next frost events wipe it out again. Another example of eucalypt resurrection, where frosts play the role of fire, just with a higher frequency.

Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus camphora coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 7 garden / Rebrote de cepa en Eucalipto Camphor Gum ornamental resistente a las heladas / Cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus Camphor Gum coppice regrowth as a dieback perennial in a USDA Zone 7 garden /GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain
Fig 3: Yearly growth from coppice in Eucalyptus "Camphor Gum", borderline cold hardy Eucalyptus for USDA Zone 7b (Image courtesy of Triple Oaks Nursery & Herb Garden, NJ)


Some advantages of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus as annual perennials
  • Natural size control mechanism for species that could become excessively big sized if cultivated small gardens
  • Display of juvenile foliage every year, excellent option for those species having in it its major ornamental features
  • Additional size control via pollarding or pruning is possible after milder than usual winters
  • Makes growing some of the cold hardiest species of Eucalyptus possible in very restrictive climates (USDA Zones 7b and 6a in some cases)

Some disadvantages of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus as annual perennials
  • Nutrient cycle disrupted for the yearly loss of aerial parts, being fertilising a good corrective measure in the long term
  • Possibility of decline in coppice vigour in the long term
  • Fragility of new shoots in case of late sudden and heavy frost events
  • Little chances of flowering and seed set
  • Coppice ability is not unlimited, so sooner or later plant replacement might be necessary even with the best care

Some advice to promote good coppice in cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus
  • Choose Eucalyptus species that are reasonably cold hardy for your conditions
  • Choose Eucalyptus species that are reliable coppicers
  • Add a thick layer of protective mulching during the worst of winter to avoid ice induced injuries to the base of the trunk or to the lignotuber
  • Pay attention to good weeding so the basal area of the eucalypt is well exposed to light to aid quick growth in new shoots from coppice once frost season is over
  • Try to remove the dead aerial part (dead wood) during late winter or better once frost season is over to encourage regrowth from lignotuber instead of regrowth from the naked buds located in branchlet axils
  • Keep an schedule for organic or mineral soil fertilization to avoid nutrient depletion or to replenish easily assimilable soil nutrient pools in the long term
  • Keep good irrigation during dry spring spells and/or summer drought in arid areas to encourage bigger annual sizes
EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Seed, Plants, Wood, Honey, Essential Oil, Forests, Plantations, Timber, Lumber, Furniture, Veneer, Plywood, MDF Board, Cellulose, Paper, Biomass, Energy, Floristry, Foliage, Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla, Plantas, Madera, Miel, Aceite Esencial, Bosque, Plantacion, Muebles, Tablero, MDF, Celulosa, Papel, Biomasa, Energia, Ramillo Verde Ornamental, JardinGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Eucalyptus timber: colour changes too!


Making charcoal with Eucalyptus "Mahogany"? Shit happens.


Gustavo Iglesias Trabado
Contact GIT Forestry Consulting
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS


Seasonal colour changes can appear in the foliage of some ornamental Eucalyptus, as we have seen. But these variable trees also show some colour changes when we consider one of the principal products they are cultivated for: Eucalyptus timber.

Four types of cold hardy Eucalyptus timber in Galicia, Northwestern Spain / Cuatro tipos de madera de eucalipto resistente a la helada en Galicia, Noroeste de España / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain, EUCALYPTOLOGICSFour cold temperate Eucalyptus timbers in Galicia
(click to enlarge)


However, in this case of Eucalyptus wood, colour variation is not seasonal. Or it should not be! But it can be seen when logs are seasoning. A wide variety colours is possible if we travel Australia up and down jumping from log to log of different Eucalyptus species, finding a range from white or very pale timbers to dark rich coloured ones.

Overseas, where the total number of cultivated eucalypt species in each area of the world is more limited, and where the number of those becoming sizeable timber resources is more limited even, chances to observe different colours depend on the main industrial lines processing such timbers. The desired physical and chemical properties in timber can be quite variable depending on the final use. Pale timbers with an attractive cellulose/lignin ratio and needing as little bleaching as possible are preferred by cellulosic and paper processors. Then, as it normally happens, species with high growth rates for a given climate, able to be managed in as short rotations as possible, tend to be the most common type of eucalypt timber wherever such industries develop. Still, many of these species, if cultivated properly (suitable genetic background + clearwood management regimes) can yield high quality products for alternative industrial lines that make eucalyptus wood visible as woodcraft art.



However, some other Eucalyptus timbers can have industrial attractive precisely because of those timber properties that make them less preferred for cellulose manufacture: very heavy timbers, interesting grains, suboptimal cellulose/lignine ratios, and tannin rich coloured heartwoods. A broad range of them are, again, available in Australian native forests and more recent specialty plantations. But some, also overseas.

One of these several high quality timbers is generically known as Red Gum. One of the more widely known species able to yield this type of timber is Eucalyptus camaldulensis (ex E. rostrata), the River Red Gum or "Red Eucalypt" (Eucalipto Rojo). And of course, its common name makes sense once you see a piece of timber.

Red River Gum timber / Eucalyptus camaldulensis timber / Eucalypthus Mahogany timber / Madera de Eucalipto Rojo / California Red Gum wood / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain, EUCALYPTOLOGICSExample of red coloured timber in an Eucalyptus camaldulensis log piece
(click to enlarge)

Curiously, this was one of the earliest eucalypts cultivated outside of Australia (as early as the early 1800's) and is today one of the commonest in almost any arid or semi-arid climate around the world with a Mediterranean tendence and frequent droughts, be it in Europe, California, South America, Africa or Asia.

Much of the final use for this plantation timber cannot match well the highest preferences of cellulosic industries if other eucalypt timbers are easily available, and the most obvious alternative industrial uses have then to do with sustainable supplies of firewood or charcoal, or, in these days of climatic change frenziness, environmentally friendly biomass for "green fuel".

However, one wonders, if there are or there are not enough red river gums within the half a million hectares (!!) of plantations in Spain, Morocco and Italy able to supply logs of dimension and stability enough as to yield other products.


All in all, isn't high quality handcrafted furniture with "Eucalyptus Mahogany" much more appealing for a log than ending up as charcoal?

EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Seed, Plants, Wood, Honey, Essential Oil, Forests, Plantations, Timber, Lumber, Furniture, Veneer, Plywood, MDF Board, Cellulose, Paper, Biomass, Energy, Floristry, Foliage, Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla, Plantas, Madera, Miel, Aceite Esencial, Bosque, Plantacion, Muebles, Tablero, MDF, Celulosa, Papel, Biomasa, Energia, Ramillo Verde Ornamental, JardinGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Citizen Labillardiere's Heritage: Recherche Bay and the discovery of Eucalyptus globulus


The Footprints of Citizen Labillardière

Chronology of the discovery of Eucalyptus globulus

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado Contact GIT Forestry Consulting
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS


21 September 1791 - Brest, France

French ships Recerche and Esperance from D'Entrecasteaux Expedition sail to Tasmania where Labillardiere discovers Eucalyptus globulus / Buques franceses Recerche y Esperance navegan a Tasmania donde Labillardiere descubre el eucalipto globulus / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Eucalyptologics
Commanded by Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni D'Entrecasteaux and Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec, two converted merchant vessels, La Recherche (Research) and L'Espérance (Hope) set sail from the coast of Brittany en route to the Southern Seas to look for Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, who had vanished with the Astrolabe and the Boussole after exploring Botany Bay three years earlier.

Onboard, among the team of savant naturalistes, a botanist that would play a significant role for Eucalyptology: Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière.


22 April 1792 - Recherche Bay, Van Diemen's Land

"With every step, one encounters the beauties of unspoilt nature … trees reaching a very great height and proportionate diameter … are devoid of branches along the trunk, but crowned with an everlasting green foliage. Some of these trees seem as ancient as the world"
Bruni d’Entrecasteaux

Recherche Bay in Tasmania where Labillardiere discovers Eucalyptus globulus / Recherche Bay en Tasmania donde Labillardiere descubre el eucalipto globulus / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Eucalyptologics
"The eye is astonished in contemplating the prodigious size of these trees … whose tufted summits were crowned with an ever verdant foliage: others, loosened by age from their roots, were supported by neighbouring trees, whilst, as they gradually decayed, they were incorporated … with the parent-earth … a striking picture of the operations of nature, who, left to herself, never destroys but that she may again create. (...) We were filled with admiration at the sight of these ancient forests, in which the sound of the axe had never been heard."
Jacques-Julien de Labillardière


6 May 1792- Recherche Bay, Van Diemen's Land

Recherche Bay in Tasmania where Labillardiere discovers Eucalyptus globulus / Recherche Bay en Tasmania donde Labillardiere descubre el eucalipto globulus / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Eucalyptologics
"To judge from Labillardière’s own account, 6 May 1792 was a day of considerable satisfaction, for this was his most noteworthy discovery, when he had a Tasmanian Blue Gum felled to collect flowers (...) Its great height proved a source of wonderment, but satisfaction also, for its tall straight trunk appeared to hold potential for ship building. To his delight, the carpenters found blue gum timbers the most suitable for providing planks to raise the gunwales on the oared boats. Labillardière could hardly have anticipated the great commercial advantages of his discovery: that it was introduced rapidly around the world as a cultivar, becoming the species by which the genus Eucalyptus became internationally known; that by 1905 four million feet of its timber would be supplied to the British Admiralty for wharf piles; that today more than 1.3 million hectares of E. globulus are planted outside Australia and 0.4 million hectares of plantation within Australia; or that Tasmania would adopt it as its State floral emblem."
John Mulvaney

1800 - Paris, France

Voyage in search of La Pérouse during which Labillardiere discovers Tasmanian Blue Gum, Eucalyptus globulus / Viaje a Tasmania en Busca de La Pérouse donde Labillardiere descubre el eucalipto globulus / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Eucalyptologics
Voyage in search of La Pérouse, Performed by order of the Constituent Assembly, During the Years 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1794 is published, and Eucalyptus globulus, plus E. cornuta officially described to enter the world of botanical discoveries.


8 February 2006 - Recherche Bay, Tasmania


Recherche Bay is declared National Heritage Site and will be managed by Tasmanian Land Conservancy to preserve the landscape witnessed and the footprints left by Citizen Labillardière. The sound of the axe will not be heard again.


Recommended Books

Citizen Labillardiere, Discoverer of Eucalyptus globulus, by Edward Duyker / Ciudadano Labillardiere, descubridor del eucalipto globulus, por Edward Duyker / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, EucalyptologicsDuyker, E. ( 2003) Citizen Labillardière. A naturalist's life in revolution and exploration (1755-1834). Melbourne University Press. ISBN : 0-522-85160-6


Where the Axe Had Never Sounded, history of Tasmanian Recherche Bay and Labillardiere, by John Mulvaney / Donde el hacha nunca había sonado, historia de Recherche Bay en Tasmania y Labillardiere, por John Mulvaney / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, EucalyptologicsMulvaney, J. (2006). ‘The axe had never sounded’: place, people and heritage of Recherche Bay, Tasmania. Aboriginal History Monograph 14. Australian National University Press. ISBN: 9781921313202. ISBN: 9781921313219 (Online)

WE DO NOT HAVE ANY OF THESE REFERENCES IN OUR EUCALYPTIC LIBRARY. DONATIONS WOULD BE GRATEFULLY WELCOME (OF COURSE!)

(If you are to order it from somewhere, just order two copies and send me one to Spain!)

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© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.