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Ascension

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"So let me end with these words of Rudyard Kipling:

If I have given you delight
by aught that I have done.
Let me lie quiet in that night
which shall be yours anon;
And for the little, little span
the dead are borne in mind,
seek not to question other than,
the books I leave behind.

This is Arthur Clarke, saying Thank You and Goodbye from Colombo!"

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Pruning ornamental eucalypts (II): Eucalyptus gunnii example

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Managing growth in ornamental eucalypts: Ongoing Eucalyptus gunnii sculpture in a temperate Atlantic garden

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado Contact GIT Forestry Consulting
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS

We had previously seen in EUCALYPTOLOGICS some images on first year growth of ornamental Eucalyptus cultivated in our own garden and some explanatory texts on 5 steps of horticultural recommendations at each stage of cultivation in order to control their height and shape along their early growth years.

Pruning, Pollarding,Clipping Eucalyptus gunnii / Cider Gum / Cold Hardy Ornamental Eucalyptus for gardens in temperate climates / Poda y talla de eucalipto gunnii / Eucalipto de la sidra / Eucalipto ornamental resistente a la helada para jardinería en climas templados / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics, Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation WorldwideFig. 1: Pollarded & pruned ornamental Eucalyptus 65 weeks after planting

The early results after performing sensible pollarding and pruning on garden Eucalyptus were quite pleasing (Fig. 1). We revisit now this topic to show the evolution of these pollarded and pruned eucalypts during their second autumn and winter on the ground.


Pruning, Pollarding, Clipping Eucalyptus gunnii / Cider Gum / Cold Hardy Ornamental Eucalyptus for gardens in temperate climates / Poda y talla de eucalipto gunnii / Eucalipto de la sidra / Eucalipto ornamental resistente a la helada para jardinería en climas templados / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics, Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation WorldwideFig. 2: Pollarded & pruned ornamental Eucalyptus 75 weeks after planting (Click image to enlarge)

Retaining juvenile foliage in Eucalyptus is not an easy task. For the case of this garden specimen, leaf change started barely 15 months after planting (Fig. 2, left), so somewhere near age 36 months if we include the cultivation cycle of this plant at nursery prior to planting.

When eucalypt species bearing striking juvenile foliage as Eucalyptus gunnii and other similar looking types start showing intermediate leaves, the normal thought of a gardener involves pruning quickly to "remove the odd looking branches".

But this can be a hasty decision if done without considering the timeframes of your frost risk season. In our case, we decided to do some minor pruning (Fig. 2, right) and wait for the veredict of winter frosts before taking a too drastic step.

Pruning, Pollarding, Clipping Eucalyptus gunnii / Cider Gum / Cold Hardy Ornamental Eucalyptus for gardens in temperate climates / Poda y talla de eucalipto gunnii / Eucalipto de la sidra / Eucalipto ornamental resistente a la helada para jardinería en climas templados / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics, Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation WorldwideFig 3: Example of frost event putting Eucalyptus cold hardiness to good test

Some 40 frost events later, including a steep air temperature drop from 12ºC (53ºF) to -8.5ºC (17ºF) in just 18 hours (Fig. 3), the overall status of this plant is good. Not surprising if we consider it is one of the cold hardiest Eucalyptus and it can be grown safely in the climatic conditions of my garden, unlike others. However, the newest and most fragile growth was lightly battered by frost and chilly winds and showed a mild degree of frost damage after the worst of winter (Fig. 4, left).

Eucalyptus cold hardiness / Frost event temperature record / Test de resistencia al frío en eucaliptos tolerantes a la helada / Registro de temperaturas minima absoluta / Cold Hardy Ornamental Eucalyptus for gardens in temperate climates / Poda y talla de eucalipto gunnii / Eucalipto ornamental resistente a la helada para jardinería en climas templados / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics, Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation WorldwideFig. 4: Pollarded & pruned ornamental Eucalyptus 100 weeks after planting (Click image to enlarge)

So, in this case and regardless of our haste to prune in a high risk season as late autumn, Captain Winter itself showed us what was to be pruned on time once the highest risk of catastrophic frosts is over for this winter and the first signs of spring appear (Fig. 4, left). A simple pruning intervention took place on the leader branch, removing damaged foliage and some 0.5 meters of height growth (Fig. 4, right) by cutting some inches above a nice trunk area where several lateral branches grow in several directions. It is expected several of these lateral branches do gain in size at once, avoiding apical dominance of just one of them.

And now, spring has just arrived here. Some extra clipping operations are to be performed on the latest growth of these lateral branches to encourage a thicker foliage. And after that is done, a new growth season starts.

This pollarded and repeatedly pruned "big bonsai" Eucalyptus gunnii is being tamed to try to fit it in small garden designs via regular size control. If no operation was performed to regulate early growth during the first 100 weeks, current tree height would be in the range of 6 to 8 meters, basal branches bearing juvenile foliage would have already been lost and tree stability in high wind events might be compromised.

EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Eucalyptus Seed, Eucalyptus Plants, Eucalyptus Wood, Eucalyptus Honey, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Forests, Eucalyptus Plantations, Eucalyptus Timber, Eucalyptus Lumber, Eucalyptus Furniture, Eucalyptus Veneer, Eucalyptus Plywood, Eucalyptus MDF Board, Eucalyptus Cellulose, Eucalyptus Paper, Eucalyptus Biomass, Eucalyptus Energy, Eucalyptus Floristry, Eucalyptus Foliage, Eucalyptus Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla de eucalipto, Plantas de eucalipto, Madera de eucalipto, Miel de eucalipto, Aceite Esencial de eucalipto, Bosque de eucalipto, Plantacion de eucalipto, Muebles de eucalipto, Tablero de eucalipto, MDF de eucalipto, Celulosa de eucalipto, Papel de eucalipto, Biomasa de eucalipto, Energia de eucalipto, Ramillo Verde Ornamental de Eucalipto, Jardin de Eucalipto / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics, Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation WorldwideGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2007-2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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PinusLetter nº 3 - by Ester Foelkel

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by Ester Foelkel


Summary of Contents


Previous Issues




PinusLetter is a new creation of Celsius Degree, a vision for the development of cultivated forests and their products based on the concepts of technology, eco-efficiency, economy and social and environmental sustainability. The main stars of this newsletter will be tree species within genus Pinus. This free online publication will be first launched in Portuguese only but will include references to articles, websites and Pinus-Links at a global level. Hence, you will be redirected to visit sites in English, Spanish, French, in addition to Portuguese.


Grau Celsius - Celsius Degree - Celso Foelkel Eucalyptus WisdomCoordenação e Redação Técnica - Ester Foelkel & Celso Foelkel
Editoração - Alessandra Foelkel
GRAU CELSIUS: Tel.(51) 3338-4809
Copyrights © 2005-2008

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Eucalyptus in Brazil: Building ElDorado in the Amazon

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EUCALYPTOLOGICS brings you today a video depicting an impressive feat of naval, chemical, mining, agricultural, civil and forestry engineering in the mouth of the Amazon River. The birth of Monte Dourado (El Monte Dorado, The Golden Forest) of Pará and Amapá, and the development of Eucalyptus cultivation in Northern Brazil.


Jari Celulose Eucalyptus Cellulose Pulp Mill, Pará, Brazil / Travelling Pulp Mill Video / Projeto Jari / Jari Project / World Class Eucalyptus Forestry and Pulp Industry / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / EucalyptologicsProjeto Jari: Shipping a Built Pulp Mill From Japan to the Amazon


An American in the Amazon


By 1930... a young North American entrepreneur from Michigan (USA) with practical expertise in shipping industry received the first commissions to build a new type of transport vessel. Soon a prosperous fortune was fueled as oil tankers first and supertankers later became a vital piece for successful worldwide trade.

In 1967... the Invisible Billionaire, Daniel K. Ludwig envisioned some of the catastrophic environmental effects of uncontrolled global population growth, and decided to do his part to reduce the rate of defforestation of natural woodlands tied to an increasing demand of pulp and paper products. An thus, Projeto Jari was born.

From 1967 to 1981... more than 750 million dollar investments by Ludwig included the purchase of 1,200,000 hectares of very sparsely inhabited land at both shores of the Jari River; starting 100,000 hectares of Gmelina arborea timber crops to sustain a renewable source of raw fibre; building the port of Munguba for prospective exports plus a connected network of roads and railroads; founding the city of Monte Dourado and providing it with hospitals, schools, nurseries and housing; and launching agricultural schemes for rice cultivation and cattle production.

Projeto Jari: The Floating Pulp Mill Video



Arrival of the pulp mill to Jari after 25,000 km of trasoceanic towing. Video courtesy Edda Narciso

In 1978... the shipping magnate received a fully built ship-shaped pulp mill factory previously commissioned at Japanese Kure dockyards and towed it in 85 days accross the Pacific, Indic and part of the Atlantic to the mouth of the Amazon River, and up the river to the Jari. Just as we are due its 30th anniversary, you can watch the arrival and installation of the travelling factory in the video above. A combined feat of naval, chemical and civil engineering. Not to mention a costly venture even at such latitudes.

Unfortunately, establishing tree farms in the tropics is not an easy task. Neither for trees nor for people. Timber yields of Gmelina were poorer than anticipated in these conditions of soil and climate, operating costs were high, volume of investment astronomic, and short term returns modest. However all the needed pieces were set up for future profit, except the suitable trees. And then...

Eucalyptus based pulp & paper industry keeps Jari afloat

In 1981 Ludwig transferred his interests in the Projeto Jari to Brazilian investors and bounced back to his already well diversified entrepeunerial emporium. Soon afterwards, 75 years after Navarro de Andrade started industrial planting with the Australian trees in Southern Brazil, Eucalyptus started replacing Gmelina as major timber crop at Jari, and became a good example of the adaptability and good growth of these wonder trees to the extreme environmental conditions of the tropics when suitable forest management is implemented.

Jari Celulose Eucalyptus Cellulose Pulp Mill, Monte Dourado, Pará, Brazil / World Class Eucalyptus Forestry and Pulp Industry / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / EucalyptologicsJari Celulose - World Class Eucalyptus Cellulosic Pulp Industry

Today... Monte Dourado is inhabited by 20,000 Brazilian citizens, the port of Munguba exports over 300,000 tonnes of Eucalyptus cellulosic kraft pulp per year, Jari's pulp mill uses state-of-the-art low environmental impacting ECF technologies for bleaching, and its renewable raw fibre supply (70% Eucalyptus, 20% Gmelina, 10% Pinus) has been certified by FSC for its sustainable forest management.

In addition to the Eucalyptus based industry, one of the finest sources of kaolin clays in Brazil exploited under sensible practices (including habitat restoration) comes also from the Jari and provides raw materials for a multitude of final uses.




Industrial procesing of CADAM (Caulim da Amazonia SA) Jari Kaolinite. Video courtesy Edda Narciso

Among these final products, coated paper. So one of the finest short fibre cellulosic pulps and one of the finest coating materials are both exported from the Jari to become some of the highest quality printing papers in the world.

Not bad as a result for the crazy dream of an American in the Amazon!

Daniel K. Ludwig died in 1992 at age 95. His legacy includes a share of profits in the Jari until 2026.


Simple Math for People Worried About "Evil" Eucalyptus Propaganda


JARI CELULOSE= +1,000,000 hectares = 350,000 tons of pulp per year
  • Eucalyptus plantations = 52,000 hectares (-3% of their landbase)
  • Environmental recovery & preservation = +1,000,000 hectares (+90% of their landsbase)

States of Pará & Amapá = 139,050,409 hectares
Jari Eucalyptus plantations = 0.037% of Pará & Amapá; 0.06% of Brazil


Brazil = 851,487,700 hectares
  • Soybean= 22,949,000 ha ( 2.69% of Brazil)
  • Corn = 11,559,000 ha ( 1.36% of Brazil)
  • Sugar Cane = 6,172,000 ha (0.72% of Brazil)
  • Rice = 3,916,000 ha (0.46% of Brazil)
  • Wheat = 2,361,000 ha (0.28% of Brazil)
Combined major agricultural crops = 46,957,000 ha (5.5% of Brazil)

Eucalyptus plantations = circa 4,000,000 hectares
(0.5% of Brazil, LESS THAN 1%!)


Do You Still Believe "the evil " Eucalyptus monocultures are taking over the world??


Related Articles

Navarro de Andrade Eucalyptus nursery at Horto Florestal de Rio Claro / Produccao de mudas de eucalipto na Paulista de Navarro de Andrade / Vivero forestal de eucalipto de Navarro de Andrade / Rio Claro / Sao Paulo / BrazilNavarro de Andrade, the man who planted 24 million Eucalyptus trees... or more.

Eucalyptus from cuttings, Life of an Eucalyptus clone in a forestry nursery in Brazil / Eucaliptos de esqueje, Vida de un Clon de Eucalipto en un vivero forestal de Brasil / Propagación Vegetativa de Eucalipto / Eucalyptus vegetative propagation / Mini Jardim Clonal de Eucalipto / Eucalyptus Clonal forestry orchard / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain

Eucalyptus grandis Clonal Nursery, Monte Alegre Farm, Klabin, Parana, Brazil / Vivero forestal clonal de Eucalipto, Hacienda Monte Alegre, Klabin, Parana, Brasil / Eucalyptus Video / Eucalyptus rooted cuttings / Eucalyptus Micropropagation / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics
KLABIN Industrial scale clonal Eucalyptus nursery: VIDEOTOUR


EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Eucalyptus Seed, Eucalyptus Plants, Eucalyptus Wood, Eucalyptus Honey, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Forests, Eucalyptus Plantations, Eucalyptus Timber, Eucalyptus Lumber, Eucalyptus Furniture, Eucalyptus Veneer, Eucalyptus Plywood, Eucalyptus MDF Board, Eucalyptus Cellulose, Eucalyptus Paper, Eucalyptus Biomass, Eucalyptus Energy, Eucalyptus Floristry, Eucalyptus Foliage, Eucalyptus Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla de eucalipto, Plantas de eucalipto, Madera de eucalipto, Miel de eucalipto, Aceite Esencial de eucalipto, Bosque de eucalipto, Plantacion de eucalipto, Muebles de eucalipto, Tablero de eucalipto, MDF de eucalipto, Celulosa de eucalipto, Papel de eucalipto, Biomasa de eucalipto, Energia de eucalipto, Ramillo Verde Ornamental de Eucalipto, Jardin de EucaliptoGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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Eucalyptus species identification (II): bark revisited

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By their fruits ye shall know them (II)
More small tips on Eucalyptus Identification

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado Contact GIT Forestry Consulting
GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com
EUCALYPTOLOGICS


We have seen a previous example in EUCALYPTOLOGICS of bark features being sometimes misleading for accurate Eucalyptus species identification. In that case, different bark types were present for the same Eucalyptus species. Today we see another example, but reversed. In this case, similar bark types belonging to different Eucalyptus species (Enlarge Fig. 1).

Eucalyptus species identification: bark is not enough / Identificacion botanica de especies de eucalipto: la corteza no basta / Eucalyptus botanical sampling / Flower buds, capsules, bark / Flores, capsulas, corteza / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the World

Fig. 1: Example of "bark only" diagnosis misleading Eucalyptus species identification (Click image to enlarge)



Observation and patience might easily be the two main ideas when trying to work out which of the Australian trees is standing in front of you. And observing an Eucalyptus for species identification is a process that takes several sequential steps. But undoubtly, those organs yielding the most information tend to be their flowers and their seed bearing capsules.

Corymbia maculata seed capsules / Eucalyptus maculata infrutescences / Spotted gum fruits / Eucalipto de Corteza de Arce, frutos / GIT Forestry Consulting, Galicia, Spain, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldFig. 2: Urceolate and globose infrutescences of Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum, ex Eucalyptus maculata). Compare to Eucalyptus pauciflora (Fig. 1, right).

However, the same way bark is not always enough, flowers and capsules alone can be insufficent in some cases for a foulproof botanical diagnosis, especially due to they sharing with bark both seasonal and yearly variability. The ideal sampling includes the different stages of reproductive organ maturation, from flower buds to senescent capsules, and also foliage.

Eucalyptus Identification, example of sample collection for species determination / Identificación de eucaliptos, ejemplo de recolecta de muestras para determinación botánica de la especie / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Galicia, Spain, España / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldFig. 3: Example of botanical sample gathering methodology for accurate Eucalyptus species identification (Click to enlarge)


Full sampling is not always required for Eucalyptus species identification albeit the more pieces of the puzzle being observed, the more accurate botanical diagnosis is. And easier! There are several hundred different Eucalyptus taxa, species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids to get confused with. But lacking everything else, by their fruits (and not bark) you shall know them!

Interesting links


Discovering Eucalyptus: Anthesis (I) / Descubriendo los Eucalyptus: Antesis / Eucalyptus Botanical Art / Macro Photography / Brian Johnston, Toronto, Canada / Gustavo Iglesias Trabado, GIT Forestry Consulting, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the World

Anthesis in
Eucalyptus robusta (Swamp Mahogany) flowers.

Photography by Brian Johnston (Click image to enlarge)


Eucalyptus seed capsules, flower buds, immature seed pods, mature seed pods, senescent seed pods, capsule collection and seed extraction methodology / Semilla de eucalipto, flor de eucalipto, capsulas inmaduras de eucalipto, capsulas maduras de eucalipto, capsulas extramaduras de eucalipto y metodos para cosecha de semilla de eucalipto / Corymbia calophylla seed / Red Flowering Gum Seed / Semilla de eucalipto de flor roja / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Europe, Europa / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldMaturation stages for eucalypt fruits collected on Corymbia calophylla (Marri) trees in a single visit, showing some of the internal organs within Eucalyptus infrutescences in each phase. (Click to enlarge)


Eucalyptus seed capsules, flower buds, immature seed pods, mature seed pods, senescent seed pods, capsule collection and seed extraction methodology / Semilla de eucalipto, flor de eucalipto, capsulas inmaduras de eucalipto, capsulas maduras de eucalipto, capsulas extramaduras de eucalipto y metodos para cosecha de semilla de eucalipto / Eucalyptus pauciflora seed / Snow Gum Seed / Semilla de Eucalipto de las Nieves / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, España, Europe, Europa /Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldDifferent simultaneous stages of the reproductive cycle and eucalypt seed maturation process in a standing Snow Gum Eucalyptus tree.(Click to enlarge)


Cold hardy Eucalyptus forestry seedling nurseries in Galicia / Viveros de planta de eucalipto resistente a la helada en Galicia / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Galicia, España, Spain, Europe / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the WorldAfter Eucalyptus seed collection: examples of Eucalyptus seedling nursery stock for afforestation


Find a local expert to ID your Eucalyptus


If you have an unknown eucalypt around and you are able to collect and photograph samples of the key organs needed for identification, do not hesitate contacting GIT Forestry Consulting.

Eucalyptus species identification: Contact GIT Forestry Consulting / Identificación de especies de eucalipto: Contacte a GIT Forestry Consulting / Eucalyptologics: Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Around the World
If you are in the USA and find it easier to post fresh samples to a local expert, you can also contact Dr. Matt Ritter, resident eucalypt hunter at the California Polytechnic State University.

Cal Poly Plant Conservatory / Giant Karri Eucalyptus diversicolor discovered by Matt Ritter at Cal Poly Canyon, San Luis Obispo, California, USA / Ejemplar gigante de Eucalipto Karri cazado por Matt Ritter en el rancho de Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, California / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, SpainVisit Cal Poly Plant Conservatory


EUCALYPTOLOGICS: GIT Forestry Consulting Eucalyptus Blog / Information Resources on Eucalyptus Cultivation Worldwide / Forestry Engineering, Eucalyptus Seed, Eucalyptus Plants, Eucalyptus Wood, Eucalyptus Honey, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Forests, Eucalyptus Plantations, Eucalyptus Timber, Eucalyptus Lumber, Eucalyptus Furniture, Eucalyptus Veneer, Eucalyptus Plywood, Eucalyptus MDF Board, Eucalyptus Cellulose, Eucalyptus Paper, Eucalyptus Biomass, Eucalyptus Energy, Eucalyptus Floristry, Eucalyptus Foliage, Eucalyptus Garden / Ingenieria Forestal, Semilla de eucalipto, Plantas de eucalipto, Madera de eucalipto, Miel de eucalipto, Aceite Esencial de eucalipto, Bosque de eucalipto, Plantacion de eucalipto, Muebles de eucalipto, Tablero de eucalipto, MDF de eucalipto, Celulosa de eucalipto, Papel de eucalipto, Biomasa de eucalipto, Energia de eucalipto, Ramillo Verde Ornamental de Eucalipto, Jardin de EucaliptoGIT's Eucalyptology Topics

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© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.


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Eucalyptus Clonal Nursery: Rooting Cuttings Video

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We receive frequent inquiries at EUCALYPTOLOGICS on Eucalyptus being or not possible to propagate from cuttings. And we were running out of examples to show it is very possible. Fortunately the Woodpeckers of Prof. Mário Takao Inoue & Prof. Antonio José de Araujo (SEAA, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Paraná) come to our rescue.


Eucalyptus grandis Clonal Nursery, Monte Alegre Farm, Klabin, Parana, Brazil / Vivero forestal clonal de Eucalipto, Hacienda Monte Alegre, Klabin, Parana, Brasil / Eucalyptus Video / Eucalyptus rooted cuttings / Eucalyptus Micropropagation / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics

Visit with us an industrial scale clonal Eucalyptus nursery... in video!



KLABIN Clonal Eucalyptus Nursery at Fazenda Monte Alegre (Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brazil). Video Courtesy Felipe Martins
  • 00:01 = Some weeks old Eucalyptus plantation
  • 00:43 = Seed Orchard plus tree climbing for selective Eucalyptus seed collection.
  • 01:20 = Eucalyptus seed extraction under dry greenhouse cover
  • 01:35 = Production greenhouse, general view… mainly clonal Eucalyptus
  • 01:47 = Select genotypes raised for controlled pollination indoors. Next generation of improved seed in the making.
  • 02:00 = Production greenhouse, Eucalyptus rooted cuttings gaining size
  • 02:20 = Plant stock at Eucalyptus nursery hardening area
  • 02:42 = Automated fertirrigation control devices
  • 02:48 = Depots for highly concentrated fertiliser mix
  • 02:52 = Mechanised tube container filler and sowing machine
  • 02:58 = Individual recyclable tube containers
  • 03:10 = Individual tubes in assembled plant trays ready for filling
  • 03:22 = Tray washer
  • 03:29 = Eucalyptus cutting ready to be rooted
  • 03:34 = Preparation of an Eucalyptus cutting: selection and leaf ablation
  • 03:50 = Mist system for Eucalyptus cuttings to root well (and not rot)
  • 03:56 = Rooting hormone
  • 04:04 = Production greenhouse, Eucalyptus rooted cuttings at initial growth stage
  • 04:16 = Production greenhouse, Eucalyptus rooted cuttings a few days later
  • 04:33 = Hardening area, Eucalyptus rooted cuttings coping with normal weather outdoors
  • 05:05 = Eucalyptus Micropropagation Laboratory
  • 05:21 = A new generation of improved Eucalyptus clones
  • 05:25 = Clonal reafforestation in a harvested Eucalyptus stand
  • 05:32 = Brazilian version of Pottiputki planting tool with fertiliser injector for accurate dosage
  • 06:01 = Heavy bulldozer for soil preparation
  • 06:16 = Detail of heavy duty forestry ripper
  • 06:27 = The Woodpeckers

Klabin / Industrias Klabin do Parana de Celulose / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoria y Servicios de Ingenieria Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain / Eucalyptologics

Industrias Klabin do Paraná de Celulose SA (IKPC), better known as KLABIN, is one of the of the Giants of Brazilian Forestry. By the time Navarro de Andrade started industrial scale Eucalyptus cultivation in 1908, Mauricio Klabin started building his first paper mill. By 1934 Klabin acquired Fazenda Monte Alegre, near Tibaji and Telêmaco Borba. Today, this 220,000 hectare estate comprises 55% tree farms and 40% Nature Reserves (Araucaria angustifolia) and one of the largest integrated pulp & paper mills in South America (1.1 million tons paper/year after recent capacity expansion). Its main crops are planted conifers, Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii, but they cultivate vast acreages of Eucalyptus grandis too. And they grow the Brazilian way: better, faster, cheaper. For Eucalyptus, this means R+D in Genetic Improvement, and a fast way to deploy genetic gains in the field: clonal silviculture.


Eucalyptus from cuttings, Life of an Eucalyptus clone in a forestry nursery in Brazil / Eucaliptos de esqueje, Vida de un Clon de Eucalipto en un vivero forestal de Brasil / Propagación Vegetativa de Eucalipto / Eucalyptus vegetative propagation / Mini Jardim Clonal de Eucalipto / Eucalyptus Clonal forestry orchard / GIT Forestry Consulting, Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Lugo, Galicia, España, Spain


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© 2008 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

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